Things They Carried Essay A Cultural Studies Approach to...

A Cultural Studies Approach to Enemies in The Things They Carriednbsp;nbsp; nbsp; Two men who fight over a jackknife in Enemies, a chapter in Tim OBriens work, The Things They Carried.nbsp; A cultural studies approach to Enemies allows the reader to look much deeper into the meaning of the events that unfold in Enemies. nbsp;The fight over the knife could very well reflect the events occurring in society during that time.nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; In short, Enemies is about two men, Lee Strunk and Dave Jensen, who are battling not only in a war but with each other.nbsp; They were viciously fighting about a missing jackknife.nbsp; A question that the reader might ask themselves is, why†¦show more content†¦nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; After one considers these facts, they can begin to see why the brawl occurred.nbsp; The two characters in Enemies were not only fighting a war but fighting with each other.nbsp; OBrien best describes this when he says, No safe ground:nbsp; enemies everywhere. (OBrien 63).nbsp; This means exactly what it says.nbsp; There were enemies everywhere because they were fighting with each other.nbsp; There was no where to run to, hence No safe ground.nbsp; Everywhere they looked and everywhere they were, there was fighting.nbsp; How can solders successfully fight a war when they are fighting with each other?nbsp; They cannot.nbsp; They were even using gu ns, not just their fists.nbsp; So, it was fighting two completely different wars. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; One can even look at this short story and conclude that the events taking place mirror the events inShow MoreRelatedFicticious First Contact2169 Words   |  9 Pagessettlers were driven by the desire for expansion and economic development. They considered resistance to their advancement to be futile as the notion of â€Å"manifest destiny† was intended to prevail. At the heart of manifest destiny is self-proclaimed cultural and racial superiority. As the population grew, the economy developed, and the desire to expand into new territory increased. Land represented income, wealth, self-sufficiency and freedom. Essentially the Borg-like message to Native Americans was:Read MoreTheories of Organizational Behavior10512 Words   |  43 Pagesencompasses the systematic study and careful application of knowledge about how people act within organizations. It encompasses the study of organizations from multiple viewpoints, methods, and levels of analysis. 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Technical Writing And Creative Writing - 1312 Words

Many people are unaware that there are many different types of writing. Writing is used in a wide variety of different subjects. Some people think that left part of the brain is used for technical writing and the right side is used for creative writing (Patel). Technical writing is used in the fields of science, engineering, technology and the health sciences (Nordquist). Creative writing is used in novels, poems, epics, short stories, screenplays, songs, television scripts, etc. (YourDictionary). Although they have some minor similarities, the differences between Technical writing and Creative writing are clear. Technical Writing Background Technical writing is used in the professional world and is always non-fiction. It helps to provide clear communication so that the contents are completely understood. Technical writing helps to put your ideas out on the table so that they may be considered. The only way that you can get patents is by providing exactly what your invention does, so you must be able to communicate clearly so you can receive a patent. The Society for Technical Communication (STC) offers this definition of technical writing: the process of gathering information from experts and presenting it to an audience in a clear, easily understandable form. (Nordquist). The biggest difference between technical communication and the other kinds of writing you have done is that technical communication has a somewhat different focus on audience and purpose.Show MoreRelatedCreative Writing1236 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"Creative Writing versus Technical Writing† It is often difficult to distinguish the differences and similarities between Technical Writing and Creative Writing. Writing is writing and good writing is creative writing. 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Television in the UAE Saudi Arabia An analysis of women’s representation Free Essays

string(138) " book is that the writer mentions that people \(men and women\) of the Arabic community can finally speak more openly for the first time\." Introduction This research analyzes the ways in which women are represented on television in Arabic countries; through social programs in the United Arab Emirates, and Saudi Arabia. Since graduation in 2007, I have been employed at Dubai Media Incorporated (DMI). This has awarded me seven years of experience as a news reporter and presenter; which has helped me to understand more about common traits in Arabic television as well as its depiction of women. We will write a custom essay sample on Television in the UAE Saudi Arabia: An analysis of women’s representation or any similar topic only for you Order Now As a result of this background, the connection between the Arabic women of the television and the country’s government will be the primary subject that this report will explore. The rationale (epistemological, substantive, and practical) for undertaking this project stems from personal interest towards the research; as workplace experience at DMI included conducting analysis about current affairs and relations between Arabic-Gulf countries and Arabic women. This background raised a personal and moral obligation: to discover whether Arabic women are represented on TV in a negative way and what can be done to support them. This project surrounds a universal matter of gender in-equality and should be addressed as such. Arabic women (like all women around the world) should be able to work and have a proper education instead of being fated to live the life of a housewife. What makes matters more significant is the strategy the government has put in place to deliver on this mandate – manipulating the public through propaganda on common media platforms. This report will discuss more precisely what can be done if the research concludes that women’s representation is negative on Arabic television (by analyzing the source of the problem). For instance; are religious reasons, customs and traditions, different cultural backgrounds and governmental differences to blame for female representation in the mediaOr are there other factors worth considering? Secondary research into the topic will aid the report. This research will help reach a logical conclusion of the matter and also vicariously un-cover a niche in this area of study – (there was barely any information directly comparing between these two Arabic countries). So although this means the project will be a more difficult subject to research, it will be thoroughly completed in order to shed light upon the topic. For this reason, a mixed methodology application of quantitative and qualitative methods will be used to conduct my research. Moreover, the UAE and Saudi Arabia have been chosen for research because they advocate different rules in TV programming than other Arabic countries even though they all follow the same religion – Islam. Furthermore, women in these two countries have different cultural backgrounds and government. The role of television as a media platform in the Arab world has been highlighted repeatedly. Arabic TV’s image and perception must therefore be the first thing to be addressed in the process of identifying whether the representation of women is a positive or negative one. In light of this, the project addresses the following questions: How does Arabic TV present women in a positive or negative way? What are (and why are there) differences between women’s representation in these two countries, even though they share a common religion? Women’s experiences of social Arabic TV- harmful or helpful? Literature Review Literature dealing directly with the relationship between the Arabic woman and her problems with representation on Arabic TV is virtually non-existent. However, with the continuous development of worldwide media, it is hardly surprising that the Middle East’s opinion of Arabic media has become more sophisticated and modern in many aspects. In light of this, many Arabic television channels have become much more well known and influential than ever before. For example, â€Å"Al-Jazeera TV† in Qatar has noticeably developed a stronger base of viewers around the world from its wide-spread signal – something that hasn’t happened to a global Arabic news station before. As a result, the middle-east now has access to a new brand of â€Å"universalized† news (Waxman, N.D.). Consequently, these channels have become more interesting in many aspects. It could even be argued that Arabic women are presented in an equal light to men on their native TV because of the positive attributes it shows women possessing. For example, channels depict women as intelligent and wise on worldwide TV stations in the Middle East; by implying they have the right to be educated, to be independent and to have their own business. Conversely, there are some local Arabic TV channels that do present women negatively. What makes this more significant is how the television stations do nothing to remedy this negative (and purposeful) representation. References to renowned academic literature will also be included that argues each side of the debate; which for all intents and purposes was substantially difficult to find. Whereas a selection of these studies focus on the positive way Arabic television depicts women, other research is focused only on the differences between Arabic women in the East and the West. On the other hand, other works have sought to discuss merely the negative image Arabic stations impose on their native females. The results and critical opinions within this collected research (as well as primary research) will subsequently form the main body of my essay. An extensive amount of the work collected on the matter emphasizes dominance over Arabic women; particularly Saudi Arabian women. One of the main books to demonstrate this belief is Paul Danahar’s The New Middle East. Published in 2013, the BBC’s Middle East bureau chief (Danahar) revealed that a new era shaped the Middle East during the Arabic Spring of 2011 which lead to clearer insights of media representatives; thereby changing traditional opinions in some Arabic countries such as Egypt, Libya, Syria and Tunisia. As a result of this, the general consensus of Arabic people (specifically women) within the international community also changed; creating a knock-on effect on the role Islam played in the Middle East during the Arabic Spring as well. Perhaps the most interesting point in this book is that the writer mentions that people (men and women) of the Arabic community can finally speak more openly for the first time. You read "Television in the UAE Saudi Arabia: A n analysis of women’s representation" in category "Essay examples" This book is a strong reference with regards to describing women’s cases during the Arabic Spring, but it is perhaps too eager to include such divine constructs as fate, destiny and pre-destination. The outcome of the Arabic Spring revolution will be considered first. The work of Goetz (1997) asserts that women have developed remarkably for almost three decades now in numerous Muslim countries, and points out organizations must be recognized as being deeply gendered in their structure towards women’s interests in the media. However, Goetz’s results were based upon data from over 30 years ago, and it is unclear if these differences still persist; as it can be clearly seen that many Muslim-Arabic countries have changed a lot during those thirty years. For example, the amount of women appearing in Saudi Arabian media has seen a significant decrease during the last thirty years. While Goetz’s research may therefore not be as historically relevant as others (her analysis was not based on empirical research, and she does not focus on Saudi Arabia), it is evident that the way television and media is constructed in the Middle East is fundamentally different from other countries (namely those in the West). For example, Saudi women cannot wear what they truly want to wear on the TV screen, or drive a car, and have to face a patriarchal culture every day. This is why Saudi Arabia was specifically chosen for this report. Keddie (2007 p. 149- 150) feels that it is remarkably interesting to see the difference between Middle Eastern women in the past and the present. She focuses on tracing the development of Middle Eastern women’s history since the rise of Islam, and notes that there have been significant improvements in the Middle East’s women’s suffrage movement. Moreover, the appearance of women in public places reflects this discovery, as well as the fact that females seem to have taken up the pre-dominant role in advertising. However, she argues that women in Saudi Arabia were more open to change in the 1960s and 1970s than they were in the 1980s and 1990s; also that they were more educated, including a higher amount of people studying abroad, had more job opportunities, their own marital choices and better health. But, this all changed because of â€Å"the Islamist takeover of the main Saudi mosque in 1979† (Keddie, 2007, p.150). It seems this reason remains unclear because Saudi Arabia had already been an Islamic country for centuries before; it was the change of the role of the government that lessened women’s rights – an after-effect of the Islamist takeover. Strong Hareb (2012) indicate how the amount of digitally competent young females in the UAE who use social media programs is rapidly increasing. Additionally, Strong Hareb (2012, p. 3) point out that â€Å"The UAE is made up of seven emirates, which were separate authorities until the country was formed in 1971. Each emirate is governed by a ruling family; with some services (like education) to be funded and administered by the overall federal government†. Therefore, the UAE has a different television channel for all seven emirates. Moreover, the WAGL (Women as Global Leaders) claim that â€Å"Although Emirati females make up only about 5% of the total population, the spotlight recently has been on them as potential future leaders† (WAGL, 2012). Strong Hareb (2012, p. 3) suggest this means that the UAE government is showing us through television that it is supporting Emirati females to be leaders. Moreover, the government’s media website said that â€Å"the U AE has become a model for Arab women in all fields† (WAM, 2009). For the UAE, the situation is more hopeful – there is perhaps more openness felt towards women, whereas in Saudi Arabia, there is no freedom. Females cannot wear what they really want to wear on a TV screen, and usually have to wear traditional, religious clothing. Mellor, et al (2011) found that some Arabic countries have a new challenge in the media because globalization has brought new opportunities to them. For example, â€Å"the United Arab Emirates (UAE) now profile themselves globally as the perfect hybrid link between east and west† (Mellor, et al, 2011, P. 25). Clearly, it can be seen reflected in women’s current affairs in the UAE. This paper agrees with Mellor, because it can clearly be seen that Emirati women have many more opportunities now; whether it be working as a TV presenter or reporter. This study directly correlates to the main analysis of this report: by showing us that Emirati women are represented in a positive way on UAE television. A similar view to this essay was found in a report by The Dubai School of Government (2011, p1). This report states that â€Å"Arab women in particular have become more engaged in political and civic actions; playing a critical leading role in the rapid and historic changes that have swept the region†. This article focuses on women within media and social terms, in a way that implies they are active in their society and that UAE television does help them feel more independent. It seems that UAE TV urges women to be intelligent, to be something more than just a housewife or mother at home, to work or own a business and finally be equal with Emirati men. Lastly, the work of Saker (2004) reveals that the image of Middle Eastern women in a media landscape often presents them as changed, empowered and advanced. This article will be useful for my research. Methodology/ Research Method: As previously mentioned; this project is difficult to research. For this reason a variety of data by using mixed methodology – qualitative and quantitative methods. Additionally, both types of data will be collected in the two countries during the summer. This study encompasses two different types of research to explore if Arabic TV helps women or harms them. The first type of research theory is qualitative (questionnaires, interviews, etc.). For example, respondents will be shown clips of Arabic TV shows and create a survey that will ask them which Arabic television programs support women and which do not support women, and why (as well as asking demographic information such as nationality, age, gender, and education level). The second type of research theory is a quantitative content analysis – case studies, statistics or percentages to compare with two social Arabic programs from two Arabic countries that have women presenters from the United Arab Emirates, and Saudi Arabia. The programs are Kalam Nawaiem from MBC channel – Saudi Arabia, and Zahrat Al-Khaleej from Abu Dhabi channel – United Arab Emirates. These methods lead to answering the overall research questions: How does Arabic TV show women in a positive way or negative waySecondly, what are the differences between women’s representation in the two countries (the UAE and Saudi Arabia)Thirdly, what are women’s experiences of Arabic TV – harmful or helpful? Conclusion The United Arab Emirates Saudi Arabia have been chosen because on the surface it appears that one country supports women (UAE) and the second country does not support women (Saudi Arabia) on TV stations. This will make for a very conclusive and judicial paper – one that will be written with passion. Firstly, the paper’s aim and rationale for the research will be discussed. Secondly, the relative strengths and weaknesses of the literature written on this topic will be analyzed, as well as the research methods and studies chosen. It is interesting to see the differences between Islamic Arabic cultures and Western cultures; and then to compare women’s representation on TV programs. Moreover, it cannot be denied that we should support and respect women around the world, and is clear that it is not fair or equal to abandon Arabic women in this belief. The most intriguing point is that it is not all Arabic countries that do not support women; even though the Islamic r eligion connects them all. This research then, will help us understand in more detail the reasons of these differences – whether religious or government or cultural. However, there will be some problems that most likely will be encountered (especially in Saudi Arabia) due to ethical issues. The research collected may or may not be allowed to be considered outside of the country. To resolve this, alternative ways will be considered so that the project can be investigated freely. It is clear that this research needs to go ahead because it asks an important question – Are there positive ways Arabic women on TV are presented or negative waysSecondly, there has been little research done before on this topic. There was not much information that has compared two countries, justified research and then remained objective at the conclusion. Thirdly, the research seeks to understand in more depth how these differences have occurred in two Arabic countries even though there is a religion that binds them together; bringing cultural and historical significance to the paper. Lastly, this is a topic that affects everyone universally, and is something that everyone can understand. It does not matter whether the reader is a woman or a man, for it will bring attention and focus to the problem regardless. Thus, this topic can be investigated after the description of its main characteristics. Bibliography: Danahar, P. (2013) The New Middle East: The World after the Arab Spring. London: Bloomsbury Publishing Plc. Dubai School of Government, UAE (2011) The role of social media in Arab women’s empowerment. Arab social media report, Vol. 1, No. 3, 1. Goetz, A. M. (1997) Getting institutions right for women in development. London: Zed Books Ltd. Keddie, N. R. (2007) Women in the Middle East: Past and Present. Oxfordshire: Princeton University Press. Mellor, N. et al. (2011) Arab Media: Globalization and Emerging Media Industries. The United Kingdom: Polity Press. Saker, N. (2004) Women and media in the Middle East: Power through self-expression. America: Published by I.B Tauris Co Ltd. Strong, C Hareb, H. (2012) Social Media Fashion among Digitally Fluent Young Arabic Women in the UAE. Social Media Fashion. Vol. 8, Issue 1. Dubai, Zayed University. WAGL. (2012) About WAGL. Women as Global Leaders Conference. Available at: http://www.zu.ac.ae/main/en/wagl2012/about.aspx. Last accessed 5 February 2014. WAM. (2009). Foreign Media Delegation Visits. WAM Online. 24th, November, 2009. Available at: http://uaeinteract.com/docs/Foreign_media_delegation_visits_GWU/38528. Last accessed 5 February 2014. Waxman, S. (n.d) Arab TV’s strong signal the Al-Jazeera network offers news the Mideast never had before, and views that are all too common. Al Jazeera Online. http://www.allied-media.com/aljazeera/washpost.htm. Last accessed 11 February 2014. How to cite Television in the UAE Saudi Arabia: An analysis of women’s representation, Essay examples

Quantify Uncertainty Certification Maneuver â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Quantify Uncertainty Certification Maneuver? Answer: Introduction The report is based on the New Zealand international airlines (NZIA), a low-cost carrier (LCC). This international airline situated in Auckland, New Zealand. The Auckland Airport is the largest and the biggest airport in the New Zeeland. It consists of the 16,487,648 passengers in the year 2015 till the December. Out of these passengers, 9,005,612 were an international passenger as well as 7,482,036 domestic passengers. This airport consists of essential infrastructure assets and the airport provides the thousands of the jobs for the region (Castro, Lohmann, 2014). The company is currently operating a scheduled passenger services with the 10 leased Airbus A330-200 aircraft on the following international and domestic routes:- The CEO and board of directors of the company are willing to change their business model to expand the business and to become a full-service network carrier. To expand the business the airline is planning to expand their current routes along with the product offering to enhance the profitability of the company. The report is prepared by the General Manager to recommending the CEO about the Boeing 787-8 or the Boeing 787-9 aircraft as well as the new product design and route network. Boeing 787-8 and Boeing 787-9 The Boeing 787-8 is designed for the 234 passengers in a third- class setup, 296 passengers in a high-density economy arrangement and approximately 240 in two-class domestic configuration. -8 is the base model of the boing 787, and the first to enter the Boeing service in the year 2011. This 787-8 was formed to replace the Boeing 767-200ER and -300ER along with the replacement the aim of the 787-8 is to expand new non-stop markets (Baker, Mooney, Center, Airplanes, 2014). This Boeing is a strengthened and lengthened variant with a 20 feet longer fuselage. This Boeing is designed for the seating of 280 passengers in a 3 class arrangement. The 787-9 was designed to replace 767-400 ER, along with that 787-9 is to compete with the variants of Airbus A330. These Boeing create a new opportunity for the NZIA to expand the business (Schwartz, Busby, 2014). The Boeing 787-9 and Boeing 787-8 come with some of the similarities that include wings, fuselage, and the payload range capacity. It contains the payload of 54,500 that is 24,700 kg and a range of the 7,635 nautical miles (8,786mi; 14,140Km). With the use of these aircraft, the airline will be able to go on the long as well as on the short routes as the aircraft provide the 20% more fuel efficiency (Wendorff, Alonso, Bieniawski, 2016). Though the fuel capacity of the Boeing 787-8 is 126,206 and Boeing 787-9 is 126,372 which is quite less than the current aircraft of NZIA that is A330-200 (Schwartz, Busb y, 2014). The NZIA can use the Boeing 787-8 and Boeing 787-9 to provide the services in additional cities. The reason being the aircraft is fuel efficient that help the company in reducing the cost of the fuel. The less consumption of fuel will help in making more services on the daily basis. The NZIA can utilize Boeing 787-8 and Boeing 787-9 in completing the following routes:- Auckland to Melbourne (The travel services from Auckland to Melbourne can take place with the help of Boeing 787-8 and Boeing 787-9. It will take 4 hours in the journey of the Auckland to Melbourne; the company can perform daily services). Auckland to Gold Coast (The travel services from Auckland to Gold coast can take place with the help of Boeing 787-8 and Boeing 787-9. This service from Auckland to Gold Coast will be beneficial for the airline companies the reason being the place is a tourist place. It includes different beautiful beached at Surfer's paradise, Coolangatta and Burleigh Heads. So the airline companies in New Zealand will be able to earn profits and that may lead to the growth of the company. New Zealand to London (The travel services from Auckland, New Zealand to London can take place in the Boeing 787-8 and 787-9. This route is connecting route; it will take more than 24 hours to London from Auckland). The routes consist of the short as well as long routes, though the Boeing is better for the long haul sectors. The Boeing is 20% more cost efficient this is the reason the NZIA should use the Boeing for the long routes. Current NZIA network- A330-200 The A330-200 contains the maximum payload of the 36.4 tonnes which is 36,400 kg along with this the range of the A330-200 is 13,450 km. The maximum fuel capacity in A330-200 is 139,090 liters. New Zealand international airport is currently using A330-200; the aircraft provide the benefit of the efficient, reliable and versatile (Airbus, 2017). The airline should continue with the use of the aircraft A330-200 the reason being the aircraft provide the comfort to the passengers along with the comfort it also facilitates the entertainment services to the passengers (Pan,Wang, Zhou, Pan, Zhang, 2015). Competitors of NZIA There are many airline companies that are included in the NZIA, out of which Air New Zealand is one of the popular and leading company. The airline can face the competitors in the domestic market as well as in the international market (Mchinol, 2017). The NZIA is low-cost carrier company who faces the competition from the Jet Connect, Kiwi Air, and Ansett New Zealand (Travel, 2017). Talking about the foreign competitors it includes Qantas, a well know Airline Company of Australia, Pacific Ocean and Jet Star airways, an Australian low-cost airline. Out of these the biggest competitor of the New Zealand International Airport is Qantas which is well known for its LCC policy (Freed, 2017). Though, the Air New Zealand airline company is giving the tough competition to the Qantas in the prices of the traveling. The routes of the jet star include: Christchurch to Auckland Christchurch to Sydney Christchurch to Melbourne Christchurch to Wellington Gold coast to Christchurch These routes show the combination of the Australia and New Zealand. The NZIA should add new routes for the Australia which is going international routes and with the less time duration. The routes of the Qantas include: Auckland to Melbourne Queenstown to Sydney Queenstown to Brisbane Above are some of the routes of the Qantas airline (Qantas, 2017). It is found the routes of the Qantas are generally long routes and the routes of the JetStar airline is generally short routes. Similarly, for the NZIA there should be an availability of the short and long routes (Fabling, Sanderson, 2014). Competitors new routes The leading competitor Australia airline companies are bringing new routes that help the company in earning the profit and also in expanding the business across the world. The possible routes on which now Australian brand, Qantas is going to provide the services include the direct route from Australia to London. The NZIA new Boeing 787- 8 and 787-9 possible new route include New Zealand to London. On the other hand, the competitors have a direct flight to London from Australia but that flight is for 4 hours only that is the reason that flight can be direct flight (Lannin, 2017). London is the place where most of the tourists like to visit it is one of the best tourist places. Terminated flight route of competitors The terminated flight of the Qantas include the many routes but out of those routes there was only one flight route termination and that is New Zealand to Rotorua (Rotorua international airport). The NZIA could try to provide the services from Auckland to Rotorua. The seating capacity of the Boing 787-8 and 787-9 is different from the A330-200 which NZIA is using right now. With the use of the Boeing 787-8 and 787-9, the NZIA will be able to enhance the profitability and along with that, the NZIA will be able to fulfill the demand of the customers. Over here, the customer of the company includes the tourist who wants to visit the place. The tourists like to visit Rotorua the reason being there are several lakes, and it gives the tourist a chance to perform the water activities such as fishing, boating, and white water rafting (Goetz, 2017). The tourist to come to visit New Zealand will definitely like to go for the water activities and that is the reason most of the tourist visit the place on the daily basis. If NZIA uses both the Boeing they can earn the profit because there are no other flights available. Though these beings are fuel efficient that indicates the boing is designed for the long routes (Elias, 2017). Even talking about the connecting flight there is a presence of very less connecting flights. So, NZIA can also provide the services from the Australia. Opportunities to grow the existing network by flying new services between existing stations The NZIA will be able to explore new opportunities with the help of the Boeing 787-8 and 787-9. The company can make use of the Boeings to provide services in different areas. At the initial stage, NZIA should try to provide services at the local areas such as Rotorua. Boeings are fuel efficient so the NZIA should make use Boings for the long routes (Hall, Rusher, 2013). The Auckland airport is willing to create new airport and currently, they are willing to make a hub for travel in Australia. This hub helps in enhancing the opportunities related to the new services. The NZIA can try to bring new innovative services to the customer at the existing stations that become a reason to enhance the growth of the existing network (Lyon, 2016). The company should try to launch a new innovative app that allows the customers to access the entertainment videos, games in the flight as well. The company can make the customer feel personal touch with the help of the APP. The customer will be able to check the details related to the flight. They will be able to check the weather and also the time left to reach the destination. These facilities can be provided to the customer which make them engage in the journey and they would like to visit (Zealand, 2017). Demand for inbound and outbound markets The demand for the inbound and outbound markets may vary according to the customers requirements. It is expected that the demand for the inbound market in New Zealand might include places like Fiord land National Park, South Island, Rotorua, and many others. The New Zealand citizens also like to visit places outside of the New Zealand. Hence, in New Zealand, the demand for the outbound market is increasing day by day (Pham, Nghiem, Dwyer, 2017). The people of New Zealand like to visit places like London, Sydney, Melbourne and many others. These markets are in the demand because these places are well-known tourist places where a tourist likes to visits in the holidays with the family. Recommended product design The pre-flight includes the inspection of an aircraft by its pilot or by the engineer or it may also include the safety briefing to the passengers. In-flight includes the detail description about the safety demonstration, safety instructions (Lyon, Francis, 2016). Before making the use of the Boeing 787-8 and 787-9 there should be proper inspection related to the seating configuration. For this aircraft, the NZIA need to inspect the seat pitch along with the number of seats according to that they are going to make the tickets available to the passengers. The NZIA should make sure that they provide the IFE (in-flight entertainment services) to the passengers on the long routes as well as for the short routes. The company should manage the flight schedule so that there should not be any clashes of time. The NZIA follows LCC policy considering that policy the airline should keep the prices low but with quality services. The booking restrictions should be taken care by the NZIA; there s hould be the proper mode of booking the seats he flights (Jarach, 2017). Identify any existing network enhancements, including additional frequencies or flying new services between existing stations Considering the usage of Boeing 787-8 and 787-9 the company can enhance the existing networks. This enhancement includes the enhancement in the routes of the flights. NZIA should try to add more new long-term network or can extend the existing network. The existing network Auckland to Sydney can be extended to London with a break. These flights are also known as the connecting flights. The additional services that the company can try to provide to its passengers include the services related to the infrastructure, personalization (The cabin crew in the flight need to be aware of the passengers details traveling on the flight. According to those details, the cabin crew members can take care of the employees who are ill or have any problem). This shows that the services that are provided by the company to the passengers. The new services between the existing stations should be provided to the passengers. This service includes the facility of the library (reading and writing areas). Thes e services are going to be provided by the airline Identify new markets for NZIA, including flight frequency The new markets for the NZIA in the near future include the market of the New Zealand domestic, market of the Australia, and the market of the New York. These are the most focus market where NZIA can easily provide their services. Apart from these markets, there are some of the other markets where NZIA can try to provide the services. These markets include Dubai, Japan, China, France, India, London, South Korea and the United States. The flight frequency with the 20 Boeings cant be identified. There are some of the designations where the NZIA give the daily services (Weaver, 2017). The flight frequency will be done according to the demand of the inbound and outbound markets. Auckland- Cook Islands Auckland- Nadi (Fiji) Auckland- Noumea (New Caledonia) These are few of the markets where the NZIA can utilize the Boeing; there are many routes that can be included later on considering the demand of the customers. A flight schedule for Boeing 787-8 or Boeing B787-9 The Boeing 787-8 or Boeing B787-9 will enhance the opportunities for the NZIA. The below is the flight schedule of either the Boeing B787- 8 or Boeing B787-9 aircraft that will return to the New Zealand base after conducting the long haul sectors (Bazargan, 2016). The below schedule shows the arrival time, departure time and the time duration of the flight back to the Auckland, New Zealand. Flight Scehedule Destination Arrival Time Departure Time Time Duration London (LHR)to Dubai (DXB) 9:35 PM 7:30 AM+1 6h 55m Dubai (DXB) to Sydney (SYD) 9:15 AM+1 6:10 AM+2 13h 55m Sydney (SYD) to Auckland (AKL) 10:15 AM+2 3:20 PM+2 3h 05m The New Zealand Boeing B787- 8 or Boeing B787-9 shows the return in which the flight covers the distance initially from London to Dubai which is the distance of approximately 6h 55m. There is Layover time in the Dubai (DXB) of approximately 1h 55m at Dubai. This layover time is basically the rest time which generally takes place in connecting flights. Another layover time comes after Dubai at Sydney. There is Layover time in Sydney (SYD) of approximately 4h 05m. The flight reaches to the New Zealand to Sydney (Australia) to Auckland (New Zealand). This is the long haul schedule that is going to take place in the near future. The NZIA will be able to earn more profit the reason being the NZIA will be able to save amount in the cost of the fuel. The Boeings are fuel efficient that is the reason they will consume less fuel as compared to the other Boeing which makes the opportunity for the company to make a profit. Proposed product design including Pre-flight and in-flight facilities Product design of the Boeing 787-8 and 787-9 consist of the pre-flight and in-flight. The pre-flight design consists of on-ground services and facilities. The on-ground handling services an aircraft needs at that period it remains on the ground. The ground services include the services at the operational areas that include ramp services, cargo and mail services, passenger services, load control, communication, supervision services, and representation services (Burghouwt, G., Poort, Ritsema, 2014). The NZIA airline tries to provide quality services to the members as well as to the customers of the airline. The airport provides the facilities of the airport lounges to some special customers (Desai, Siddique, Yaseen, 2014). The services that are provided to the customers in the business lounge includes:- Rest areas Entertainment Healthy drinks and snacks International newspapers and magazines Fax, telephone, and photocopies Facility of the computers with the Wi-Fi along with the laptop charging facilities. Passenger check-in kiosks make it easier for the passengers to get the print of the boarding pass with the single click. Kiosk check-in can be done by the passenger anytime between 45 minutes to 24 hours before the flight departures for the destinations. Every country has different time of kiosk check-in from the departure place (Castillo-Manzano, Lpez-Valpuesta, 2013). There are different benefits of the kiosk check-in service which enhances the experience of the customers in the flight. In-flight services are also included in the facilities of the airline. The seating configuration by cabin class includes the number of seats by class and also the number seat pitch by class. The flight is consists of the economy class, executive class, and the first class. But talking about the Boeing 787-8 is consisting of the 256 passengers seats which are available in only two-class configuration. Out of 256 seats, 18 seats are available in Business class and 238 seats in Economy Class. The business class feature includes the flatbed seats with 180 degrees of recline (SEATGURU, 2017). The aircraft consists of the exclusive check-in facility with a complimentary amenity kit. Economy class features consist of the improved temperature, illumination control system, choices of the traditional Indian Cuisine or continental along with the Liquor or wine. Inflight entertainment services are provided to the customers that include the Movies, TV shows, Music, news and much more (El-deen, Hasan, Fawzy, 2016). The Boeing 787-8 provides unique in-flight entertainment that includes:- Seat Chat- seat chat allows the passenger to message and chat with the friends and family members on board your flight without leaving the seat. Join Air points- Join Air New Zealand's loyalty programme- Air points- by completing the form via your seatback screen. Destinations- the designation contents will enhance the information of the passenger about the place before reaching. The passengers can get the details related to the attractions, informations, activities and the suggestions of the visited events. Screen share- share your screen and watch the same music, movies or TV shows on the seat next to you at the same time. Join koru- the passenger can now join the Air New Zealands Koru programme from the comfort of passengers seat. Koru provides many benefits to the passengers who fly with the air new Zealand such as priority baggage, and the premium check-in plus and many more services. The above given are in-flight entertainment services provided to the passengers of the airline (Air New Zealand, 2017). These extra benefits and facilities help in enhancing the experience of the passengers with that particular flight and that helps the airline to enhance the customer loyalty along with the profit. Conclusion The report throws light on the NZIA operation management which shows the aircraft used by the company currently. The report is made by the manager of the NZIA to the CEO to recommend the Boeing aircraft 787-8 or 787-9. The paper shows the importance of the Boeing 787-8 and 787-9 to the airline. It includes the competitors routes of the NZIA and the routes on which the NZIA can utilize the Boeing 787-8 and 787-9. NZIA can try to utilize the Boeings on the terminated routes of the competitors. The new routes that are going to be followed by the competitors can give the guidance to the NZIA to analyze the efficiency of the Boeing. The NZIA can go on the new routes according to the demand of the inbound and the outbound markets (Heizer, 2016). The report also includes the details related to the proposal for the future network for the 20 aircraft which can be used by the company to enhance the operations and the working of the NZIA. This also helps to grow in the market and to make the profit out of it. The report shows the market and the routes that can be followed by the NZIA in the near future. The flight schedule of the Boeing 787-8 or boeing787-9 is discussed after operating the long haul sectors. The product design of the NZIA is discussed which include the pre-flight and in-flight facilities that are provided to the passengers that helps the company in enhancing the experience of the passengers in the Boeing 787-8 and 787-9. The CEO of the NZIA should consider the benefits of the Boeing 787-8 and 787-9 which helps in increasing the operations of the NZIA. 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